7. 金属的电阻
电阻R,在长度为l(m)、截面面积为a(m2)的密度均匀物体的情况下,可以用 R=ρl/a求得。其中ρ是体积电阻率,单位是Ω・m。0℃时的体积电阻率为ρ0,100℃是的体积电阻率为ρ100, 等式α0.100=(ρ100-ρ0)/100ρ0成 立。α0.100叫做在0℃到100℃之间体积电阻率的平均温度系数。
金属 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-195℃ | 0℃ | 100℃ | 300℃ | 700℃ | 1200℃(その他) | |
银 |
0.3 |
1.47 |
2.08 |
3.34 |
6.1 |
19.4 |
金 |
0.5 |
2.05 |
2.88 |
4.63 |
8.6 |
31(1063℃) |
钙 | 0.7 |
3.2 |
4.75 |
7.8 |
20 |
- |
铱 |
0.9 |
4.7 |
6.8 |
10.8 |
22 |
33.5 |
钨 |
0.6 |
4.9 |
7.3 |
12.4 |
24 |
39 |
锌 | 1.1 |
5.5 |
7.8 |
13.0 |
- |
37(500℃) |
钴 |
0.9 |
5.6 |
9.5 |
19.7 |
48 |
88.5 |
钾 |
1.38 |
6.1 |
17.5 |
28.2 |
66.4 |
160 |
黄铜 |
- |
6.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
镉 |
1.6 |
6.8 |
9.8 |
- |
- |
36.3(600℃) |
锇 |
- |
8.1 |
11.4 |
17.8 |
30.4 |
46 |
锡 |
2.1 |
11.5 |
15.8 |
50 |
60 |
72 |
钽 |
2.5 |
12.3 |
16.7 |
25.5 |
43.0 |
61.5 |
铬 |
0.5 |
12.7 |
16.1 |
25.2 |
47.2 |
80 |
青铜 | - |
13.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
铊 |
3.7 |
15 |
22.8 |
38 |
85 |
88(800℃) |
锶 |
5 |
20 |
30 |
52.5 |
94.5 |
- |
阿卢梅尔镍合金 |
- |
28.1 |
34.8 |
43.8 |
53.2 |
65.1 |
锑 |
8 |
39 |
59 |
- |
114 |
123.5(1000℃) |
锆 |
7.3 |
40 |
58 |
88 |
125 |
110(1000℃) |
康铜 |
- |
49 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
因瓦合金 |
|
75 |
||||
汞 | 5.8 |
94.1 |
103.5 |
128 |
214 |
630 |
铋 |
35 |
107 |
156 |
129 |
155 |
172(1000℃) |
铜 |
0.2 |
1.55 |
2.33 |
3.6 |
6.7 |
21.3(1083℃) |
钯 |
1.73 |
10.0 |
13.8 |
21 |
33 |
42 |
镍铬合金 |
- |
107.3 |
108.3 |
110.0 |
110.3 |
- |
铷 |
2.2 |
11.0 |
27.5 |
48 |
99 |
260 |
钍 |
3.9 |
14.7 |
20.8 |
32.5 |
53.6 |
68 |
- |
18.7 |
21.8 |
- |
- |
- |
|
铅 |
4.7 |
19.2 |
27 |
50 |
108 |
126(1000℃) |
铝 |
0.21 |
2.50 |
3.55 |
5.9 |
24.7 |
32.1 |
铍 | - |
2.8 |
5.3 |
11.1 |
26 |
- |
砷 | 5.5 |
26 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
镁 |
0.62 |
3.94 |
5.6 |
10.0 |
27.7 |
28.7(900℃) |
钠 |
0.8 |
4.2 |
9.7 |
16.8 |
39.2 |
89 |
铑 |
0.46 |
4.3 |
6.2 |
10.2 |
20 |
33 |
银币 | - |
40 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
锰镍铜合金 |
- |
41.5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
钼 |
0.7 |
5.0 |
7.6 |
12.7 |
23.3 |
37.2 |
镍 |
0.55 |
6.2 |
10.3 |
22.5 |
40 |
109(1500℃) |
镍铬合金P |
- |
70.0 |
72.8 |
79.3 |
89.3 |
100.1 |
铟 |
1.8 |
8.0 |
12.1 |
36.7 |
47 |
55(1000℃) |
锂 |
1.04 |
8.55 |
12.4 |
30 |
40.5 |
53 |
铁(纯) |
0.7 |
8.9 |
14.7 |
31.5 |
85.5 |
122 |
铂 |
1.96 |
9.81 |
13.6 |
21.0 |
34.3 |
48.3 |